The Reds carried out an unsuccessful general offensive in February 1918, supplied with weapons by Soviet Russia. World War I led to the collapse of the Russian Empire and a power struggle, militarization and escalating crisis between the left-leaning Finnish labor movement and the Finnish conservatives. The country's political and governmental systems were in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization, while the people's socioeconomic condition and national-cultural status gradually improved. Contentsįinnish society had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, pre-urbanization and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement. The paramilitary White Guards, composed of peasants and middle-class and upper-class factions, controlled rural central and northern Finland. The paramilitary Red Guards, composed of industrial and agrarian workers, controlled the cities and industrial centers of southern Finland. The war was fought between the Reds, led by the Social Democratic Party and the Whites, conducted by the non-socialist, conservative-led senate. The conflict formed a part of the national, political, and social turmoil caused by World War I ( Eastern Front) in Europe. The Finnish Civil War (27 January – ) concerned leadership and control of Finland during the transition from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state.
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